Hypothermia

Hypothermia (low body temperature less than 98*F) may accompany frostbite. Signs of hypothermia are related to the degree of severity and may include shivering (not if temperature below 90°F), dullness, weakness or collapse, low heart rate, pale gums, shallow or slow breathing and coma. Treatment for hypothermia includes removing the animal from the cold, checking for low body temperature, and, if the animal possesses a low body temperature, wrapping the animal in a blanket. Seek veterinary attention immediately.

Frostbite

Frostbite is uncommon in animals and usually affects the ear tips, paws (mostly the footpads), tail, and scrotum. Signs of frostbite may be difficult to detect on pigmented skin. Typically the affected skin is pale or bluish in color early on in frostbite (will not detect on the footpads). There is a loss of sensation to the affected areas. With time if the frostbite is severe blisters may appear or the skin may develop dark scabs and the tissue may slough off. Treatment for frostbite includes removing the animal from the cold and checking for low body temperature. If frostbite is present apply warm, moist compresses to the affected areas. If the feet or a large area of the body have frostbite, submerge these areas in water warmed to 102 - 103°F for 10 – 15 minutes. Gently dry the areas. Do not rub or massage the affected areas! Rubbing or massaging will cause more tissue damage. Do not use dry heat such as hairdryers or electric heating pads for re-warming as further damage may occur. Seek veterinary attention immediately.